Progressive Deblurring of Diffusion Models for Coarse-to-Fine Image Synthesis

Recently, diffusion models have shown remarkable results in image synthesis by gradually removing noise and amplifying signals. Although the simple generative process surprisingly works well, is this the best way to generate image data? For instance, despite the fact that human perception is more sensitive to the low frequencies of an image, diffusion models themselves do not consider any relative importance of each frequency component. Therefore, to incorporate the inductive bias for image data, we propose a novel generative process that synthesizes images in a coarse-to-fine manner. First, we generalize the standard diffusion models by enabling diffusion in a rotated coordinate system with different velocities for each component of the vector. We further propose a blur diffusion as a special case, where each frequency component of an image is diffused at different speeds. Specifically, the proposed blur diffusion consists of a forward process that blurs an image and adds noise gradually, after which a corresponding reverse process deblurs an image and removes noise progressively. Experiments show that the proposed model outperforms the previous method in FID on LSUN bedroom and church datasets. Code is available at https://github.com/sangyun884/blur-diffusion

Multilayer bipolar field-effect transistors

Field-effect transistors comprising a layer of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (rr-P3HT) separated from a parallel layer of the soluble fullerene,[6,6]-phenyl C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) by a layer of titanium suboxide (TiOx), are fabricated by solution processing. Because the TiOx is an electron transporting material and a hole blocking material, this multilayer architecture operates either in the p-channel mode with holes in the rr-P3HT layer or in the n-channel mode with electrons in the PCBM layer.open201

Relationships between 24-Hour Blood Pressures, Subcortical Ischemic Lesions, and Cognitive Impairment

Background and Purpose The most important treatment for subcortical vascular dementia (SVaD) is controlling the blood pressure (BP). However, the few studies that have investigated the relationships between diurnal BP rhythm and subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment have produced inconclusive results. In the study presented here, the 24-hour BP values of three groups of subjects-patients with subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (SvMCI), patients with SVaD, and normal controls-were compared using working criteria and 24-hour ambulatory BP (ABP) monitoring. Methods The subjects (42 patients with SVaD, 37 patients with SvMCI, and 30 controls) were selected according to the Study`s inclusion/exclusion criteria. All subjects underwent brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR angiography, detailed neuropsychological testing, and 24-hour ABP monitoring. Results The prevalence of nondippers differed markedly between the control group and both the SVaD and SvMCI groups. Loss of nocturnal dipping was significantly associated with SVaD [odds ratio (OR), 4.827; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-12.05]. Conclusions It was found that SVaD is associated with loss of nocturnal BP dipping combined with increased pulse pressure and systolic BP (SBP) variability. Correction of these factors could therefore be important in the prevention of SVaD, independent of measures used to reduce BP. J Clin Neurol 2009;5:139-145Ohmine T, 2008, HYPERTENS RES, V31, P75van Boxtel MPJ, 2006, J HUM HYPERTENS, V20, P5, DOI 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001934van der Flier WM, 2005, STROKE, V36, P2116Birns J, 2005, STROKE, V36, P1308, DOI 10.1161/01.STR.0000165901.38039.5fYamamoto Y, 2005, CEREBROVASC DIS, V19, P302, DOI 10.1159/000084498BOWLER JV, 2005, J NEUROL NEUROSUR S5, V76, P35KU HM, 2004, J KOREAN NEUROPSYCHI, V43, P189O`Brien E, 2003, J HYPERTENS, V21, P821, DOI 10.1097/01.hjh.0000059016.82022.caKANG Y, 2003, INCHEON HUMAN BRAINOhkubo T, 2002, J HYPERTENS, V20, P2183de Leeuw FE, 2002, BRAIN, V125, P765O`Brien JT, 2002, ANN NY ACAD SCI, V977, P436Kario K, 2001, HYPERTENSION, V38, P852Wahlund LO, 2001, STROKE, V32, P1318Dufouil C, 2001, NEUROLOGY, V56, P921Puisieux F, 2001, EUR NEUROL, V46, P115Staessen JA, 1999, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V282, P539Swan GE, 1998, NEUROLOGY, V51, P986Blacher J, 1998, HYPERTENSION, V32, P570Cummings JL, 1998, J PSYCHOSOM RES, V44, P627Kilander L, 1998, HYPERTENSION, V31, P780Guo ZC, 1997, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V145, P1106Liao DP, 1996, STROKE, V27, P2262LAUNER LJ, 1995, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V274, P1846YAMAMOTO Y, 1995, STROKE, V26, P829VERDECCHIA P, 1994, HYPERTENSION, V24, P793KUUSISTO J, 1993, HYPERTENSION, V22, P771SHIMADA K, 1992, J HYPERTENS, V10, P875SCHERR PA, 1991, AM J EPIDEMIOL, V134, P1303TOHGI H, 1991, STROKE, V22, P603OBRIEN E, 1988, LANCET, V2, P397PARATI G, 1987, J HYPERTENS, V5, P93HACHINSKI VC, 1975, ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO, V32, P632

Left dominance of EEG abnormalities in patients with transient global amnesia

AbstractPurposeTransient global amnesia (TGA) is a syndrome of unknown etiology. Electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities in TGA have been reported previously. We analyzed the frequency and characteristics of EEG abnormalities in patients with TGA.MethodsWe collected EEGs of patients with a clinical diagnosis of TGA who had visited the emergency room or the outpatient clinic over a period of 8 years and compared clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients with normal EEGs with those with abnormal EEGs.ResultsEEG abnormalities were found in 35 (22.9%) out of 153 patients and epileptiform discharges were seen in 26 (74.3%) out of these 35 patients. Spikes or sharp waves were detected on the left side only (48.6%) or on both sides (25.7%), but none of the patients showed spikes or sharp waves on right side only. In six patients the EEG had normalized within three months of presentation, in ten within six months, and in twelve by one year. The EEG remained abnormal in eleven out of the 23 patients one year after presentation.ConclusionIn this largest consecutive EEG study at one center, the proportion of patients with TGA in whom epileptiform discharges were demonstrated within days of the episode of TGA was significantly higher than in the previous literature. EEG abnormalities such as spikes or sharp waves spontaneously disappeared in almost half of cases over one-year of follow-up. There was a clear left dominance of EEG abnormalities in patients with TGA